Mastery, Perfection and Nature YS III- 47, 48, 49

Yoga Sutra III- 47 - RUPA LAVANYA BALA BAJRASAM HANANATVANI KAYASAMPAT - Beauty, grace, strength, and adamantine hardness constitute bodily perfection.

Yoga Sutra III - 48 GRAHANA SVARUPASMITANVAYARTHAVATTVA SAMYAMAD INDRIYA JAYAH - By samyama on the power of perception and on the essential nature, correlation with the ego sense and purpose of the sense organs, mastery over them is gained.

Yoga Sutra III- 49 - TATO MANOJAVITVAM VIKARANABHAVAH PRADHANA JAYAS CA - From that, the body gains the power to move as fast as the mind, ability to function without the aid of the sense organs, and complete mastery over the primary cause (Prakriti).

Swami Satchidananda translated the above sutras without commentary.

For the above sutras there is a commentary on Yoga Sutra III- 48 and 49 from "How to Know God - The Yoga Aphorisms of Patanjali" translated and commented on by Swami Prabhavananda and Christopher Isherwood.

"Aphorism 48 describes a progressive samyama on all the separate phases of an act of cognition.

The power of using the sense-organs outside the confines of the body, mentioned in aphorism 49, enables one to exercise clairvoyance and clairaudience. Mastery of Prakriti, the primal cause, gives the yogi control of all the effects evolved from Prakriti - in other words, control of Nature."

See related posts:

• Rebirth - YS I-19
• Asamprajnata or Non-distinguished Samadhi YS- I-18...
• Samprajnata (Distinguished) Samadhi-YS I -17
• Avoidable Pain - YS - II - 16, YS II - 17
• The Four Stages of the Gunas YS II - 19
• The Seen - Nature of the Gunas YS II - 18
• Viveka - Discrimination YS II - 26
• Independence of the Seer YS II - 25
• Because of Ignorance - YS II - 24
• Samyoga - Union YS II - 23
• Maya - Illusion YS II - 22
• The Witness - YS II - 21

Prakriti - Nature YS III - 14

Yoga Sutra III- 14 - SANTODITAVYAPADESYA DHARMANUPATI DHARMI - In the substratum (Prakriti) that by nature goes through latent, uprising and unmanifested phrases.


Swami Satchidananda does not comment on this sutra. He just translates it. However, you can see his comments related to Prakriti in the following :

• Samprajnata (Distinguished) Samadhi-YS I -17
• Asamprajnata or Non-distinguished Samadhi YS- I-18...
• Rebirth - YS I-19
• Avoidable Pain - YS - II - 16, YS II - 17
• The Seen - Nature of the Gunas YS II - 18
• The Four Stages of the Gunas YS II - 19
• The Witness - YS II - 21
• Maya - Illusion YS II - 22
• Samyoga - Union YS II - 23
• Because of Ignorance - YS II - 24 Independence of the Seer YS II - 25

Samyoga - Union YS II - 23

Yoga Sutra II- 23 - SVA SVAMI SAKTYOH SVARUPOPALABDHI HETUH SAMYOGAH - The union of Owner (Purusha) and owned (Prakriti) causes the recognition of the nature and powers of them both.

"Samyoga (union) is necessary for the Purusha to realize himself with the help of nature." - Swami Satchidananda further comments that this union is not of the individual self with the higher Self, but union of the Purusha and Prakriti, Self and nature. Separately they don't express themselves, however, connected they become known. "They help each other." An analogy is given that in order to print white letters a black background is needed for contrast as you can't see white on white. It is through the Prakriti (black background or nature) that the Purusha (the white letters or Self) is realized. It is through nature that we realize the higher Self. "If not for the Prakriti, we could not know ourselves. So Prakriti isn't just bondage as many people think. It is necessary."

See related posts:

• The Seen - Nature of the Gunas YS II - 18
• The Four Stages of the Gunas YS II - 19
• The Seer or Purusha YS II - 20

The Seen - Nature of the Gunas YS II - 18

Yoga Sutra II- 18 - PRAKASA KRIYA STHITI SILLAM BHUTENDRIYATMAKAM BHOGAPAVARGARTHAM DRSYAM - The seen is of the nature of the gunas: illumination, activity and inertia; and consists of the elements and sense organs, whose purpose is to provide both experiences and liberation to the Purusha.


The seen? The gunas? What is this sutra talking about? The seen is the past participle of the word see according to Merriam- Webster Online dictionary - "1 a: to perceive by the eye b: to perceive or detect as if by sight". The gunas are defined in The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali by Swami Satchidananda as the qualities of nature (sattvva, rajas and tamas or balance, activity and inertia).



Swami Satchidananda says that in this sutra Patanjali talks about the drisya, or seen. The Purusha or Seer, is who we truly are. According to Satchidananda, "Patanjali tries to analyze what this 'seen' is that gives us experience. He says it is a combination of different elements and organs controlled by the three gunas." The term used in the beginning of the sutra is prakasa kriya sthiti. Prakasa means illumination which stands for sattva; kriya is action representing rajas and sthiti is inertia or tamas. The question is why is there the "seen" (outside of ourselves) and why does Prakriti (nature, or environment) exist?


"Nature is here to give you experience and ultimately to liberate you from its bondage. Even if people do not want to be liberated, it educates them gradually so that one day they will feel, "I'm tired of the whole thing. I don't want it anymore. I've had enough." Swami Satchidananda says that we will feel this way only after we've gotten kicked and burned enough. The purpose of Prakriti or nature is to give us those experiences. He said "So, we should never condemn nature."

The commentary continues to tell us that Nature, Prakriti is a combination of elements and organs. The organs are the intellect, mind, senses and the body. Even though one might think of nature being outside of us, the body is nature too as it is comprised of the elements (IE. -air, fire, water, earth). We are reminded that nothing in nature can bring our minds unchanging happiness because the mind always changes. If this were not the case we would not always look for change. Think about it. At one time you liked something or someone. Then after a time, you no longer liked the something or someone. Then there is an analogy of how we like to hold on to things and with that comes struggle, tension. We are informed that "All life is a passing show. If we want to hold it, even for a minute, we feel tension." It is pointed out that even with our bodies, we don't want it to change (get older) and the extremes we go to prevent it. "If only we learn to enjoy each change, we can recognize the beauty even in aging." " When we allow things to pass, we are free." By doing this we keep our peace.

Another analogy is given of a silk worm and some of the questions we can ask ourselves are:

• Where are we now?
• Are we still eating?
• Are we in the cocoon?
• Are we meditating?
• Are we growing wings?

So the more we enjoy and we don't listen to wisdom (unless we have extraordinary intelligence), we are then taught by nature that puts us in a tight corner as a lesson. When we finally learn our lesson we no longer cling to that and thus become liberated. "After liberation, although we are still in nature, we are no longer bound by it as we grown the wings of viveka (discrimination of real and unreal) and vairagya(dispassion, detachment or unattachment). Like the silk worm, we slip out of the cocoon, we fly out never to return there again.

Swami Satchidananda ends the commentary with "When you've learned nature's lessons she no longer has any business with you, but she continues to exist to teach the many others who have not yet learned. " He says you have graduated from the university and you may go back as an alumnus, but you are no longer attached to the world. As a liberated person you can be useful in the world but not affected by it.

Ego - Meditation YS II- 10, YS II - 11

Yoga Sutra II- 10 - TE PRATIPRASAVA HEYAH SUKSMAH - In subtle form, these obstacles can be destroyed by resolving them back into their primal cause [the ego].

Yoga Sutra II- 11 -DHYANA HEYAS TAD VRTTAYAH - In the active state, they can be destroyed by meditation.

Swami Satchidananda comments on the above sutras above together. In Yoga Sutra II- 10 he speaks about breaking the ego and likens it to a pot. The ego has the "smell "of thoughts and in order to get rid of the impressions of the thoughts, one has to break the pot (ego) . He then uses the analogy of using meditation as a process to understand the thoughts and to clean them up. When uprooting a tree, the branches are cut first and then the roots of the tree are dug up.

From the book "How to Know God - The Yoga Aphorisms of Patanjali" translated and commented on by Swami Prabhavananda and Christopher Isherwood, for these sutras they start with the latter sutra to the former one. Instead of starting with the subtle, the gross form of the fully developed obstacle is to be overcome first. Then when they (the obstacle or klesas) exist vestigially as tendencies (samskaras), they are only destroyed "when the mind is resolved back to its cause, that is, into Prakriti, from which the mind was projected." This the process that leads to samadhi.

Samprajnata (Distinguished) Samadhi-YS I -17

If you have been following the posts on the Yoga Sutras , the last one was #51. That sutra ended book I of the The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. Before I go on to book II on the practice of yoga, I will go back to a samadhi I did not initially post. Yoga Sutras (YS) I-17 - VITARKA VICARANANDASMITANUGAMAT SAMPRAJNATAH - Samprajnata samadhi (distinguished contemplation) is accompanied by reasoning, reflecting, rejoicing and pure I-am-ness.


Swami Satchidananda states in his commentary for this sutra that Patanjali is speaking of the final practice called samadhior contemplation, and its variations. Swami Satchidananda says of Patanjali that he is completely scientific as "He sees yoga as a rigorous science and never hesitates to give all aspects of the practice and their ramifications. It is the duty of a scientist to understand and explain every aspect of his discoveries."

Swami Satchidananda tells the reader that you might think you are ready to practice samadhi right now, however, it should be known that this practice only becomes possible after achieving perfection in concentration and meditation. He stresses that the mind must have one-pointedness and be completely under control because the entire mind must be used in the practice of samadhi.

Satchidananda says that Patanjali talks about 2 kinds of samadhis: samprajnata (distinguished) is in this sutra. In the following sutra(which I will cover in the next post) the second kind of samadhi is asamprajnata ( undistinguished). As a scientist, Patanjali further divides the distinguished samadhi into four forms. But before we can even understand these samadhis, we have to understand what nature or Prakriti which'is a closer definition of 'basic matter;' is made up of. "According to Patanjali, Prakriti is also has four divisions: the very gross material; the subtle elements called the tanmatras, which ultimately express as the concrete forms which you see; the mind-stuff (chittam), and the ego or individuality."

"So, samadhi is practiced first on gross objects(savitarka samadhi), then on the subtle elements (savichara samadhi), then on the mind devoid of any objects except its own joy- in other words on the sattvic mind (sa-ananda samadhi)- and finally on the 'I' feeling alone (sa-asmita samadhi)".

"When the mind is focused on a concrete object, that is called savitarka samadhi." Swami Satchidananda reminds us at this point the mind is already well under control. He speaks of "The moment the purely focused mind contemplates an object, it goes to the very depth of that object and understands every particle of it." He uses the example of scientists probing matter and discovering atomic energy. By them practicing savitarka samadhi, they got knowledge and gained power over the atom. He said the benefit of this contemplation is understanding the inner secrets and powers of the object contemplated. He asks what do you do with that power, seeing how the atomic energy was "used for destructive bombs instead of soothing balms."

Savichara samadhi or reflection has to to with contemplating something abstract (tanmatras or subtle elements) like red or white or love or beauty. Because of the abstractness of the word, help of a concrete object is needed for comprehension. Satchidananda says "But if you are able to contemplate and understand concrete objects well, your mind gets the capacity to understand abstract things even without the concrete objects."

Sa-ananda samadhi, which is going subtler, is only joy with no reasoning or reflecting. Not using the intellect and just contemplating the tranquil mind itself, one experiences joy.

In sa-asmita samadhi, there is just the awareness of individuality. You are just there aware of nothing else, contemplating "I-ness." Swami Satchidananda says that the samskaras (past impressions are still in the mind in seed form. "Even though you are only aware of the "I", the samskaras are still buried in the mind."

"The samprajnata samadhis are a process of going inward-not evolution, but involution." Swami Satchidananda further says that "In Yogic meditation we experience involution."

The commentary gets a little involved as you can see. But basically, Swami Satchidananda is saying that we have to work with what we see, the known, and then work ourselves back out to the unknown. He said we cannot just ignore the known and tackle the unknown. It is easier to deal with something concrete, which we can see, feel and touch. Unless you understand Prakriti (Nature) very well you cannot get out of it. This is why one would have to practice the four samprajnata samadhis first in order, one after the other.

Swami Satchidananda warns that there is a danger in practicing Samprajnata samadhis, however we do have to face them. The primary thing here is to prepare oneself with purity and selflessness. "Otherwise , you will be in danger with your new found powers." "These mysterious powers should not be used for selfish purposes."